On Liberty

by John Stuart Mill

We consider this to be the quintessential dissertation of Libertarian ideals.

Thinking, Fast and Slow

by Daniel Kahneman

If you've read 'Blink' by Malcom Gladwell, you've effectively read a tribute to this book. This is the scholarly work you hoped you were getting with 'Blink'. Kahneman writes clearly, and with an eye to the science behind the work. You'll gain insight into your own mental processes, and be presented with information which will help you in all facets of your intellectual endeavors.

The Signal and the Noise

by Nate Silver

Full of insights into data, how to approach data that you are presented with, and tools for how to think about your preconceptions, and how to intake new data. Essential reading.

Homo Deus

by Yuval Noah Harari

This is well written, informative and full of insights.  It outlines perhaps the most promising, if not scary, path - for humanity on the arrow of time.  Subtitle "A brief History of Tomorrow".